Cellulitis of external ear

H8_EXT_CELLUL

otitis externa: Inflammation of the anatomical structures of the outer ear and ear canal secondary to an infectious process. Bacterial etiology is most common, but fungal infection is also possible. Symptoms include erythema, edema, and pain.

Suggest a new description

Endpoint definition

Endpoint definition steps

FinnGen

Phenotype data

520210

1. Apply sex-specific rule

None

520210

2. Check conditions

None

520210

3. Check pre-conditions, main-only, mode, registry filters

Registry filters:

  • Hospital discharge: ICD-10 H60.1
  • Cause of death: ICD-10 H60.1

2 out of 7 registries used, show all original rules.

430

4. Check minimum number of events

None

430

5. Include endpoints

None

430

6. Filter based on genotype QC (FinnGen only)

430

Control definitions (FinnGen only)

Control exclude
H8_EXTERNAL

Extra metadata

Level in the ICD hierarchy
4
First used in FinnGen datafreeze
DF2
Parent code in ICD-10
H60
Name in latin
Cellulitis auris externae

Case counts by codes

FinnGen case counts by registry codes:

generic upset plot

Upset plot

Full data table

Summary Statistics

-FinRegistry-

Key figures

All Female Male
Number of individuals
Whole population 3830 1988 1820
Only index persons 3515 1861 1654
Unadjusted period prevalence (%)
Whole population 0.05 0.06 0.05
Only index persons 0.07 0.07 0.06
Median age at first event (years)
Whole population 41.89 39.86 44.16
Only index persons 44.32 42.14 46.77

-FinnGen-

Key figures

All Female Male
Number of individuals 430 257 173
Unadjusted period prevalence (%) 0.08 0.09 0.08
Median age at first event (years) 50.93 47.42 56.15

-FinRegistry-

Age distribution of first events

-FinnGen-

Age distribution of first events

-FinRegistry-

Year distribution of first events

-FinnGen-

Year distribution of first events

-FinRegistry-

Cumulative Incidence Function

-FinnGen-

Cumulative Incidence Function

No data

CodeWAS (R11)

CodeWAS is a tool for exploring the associations between an endpoint and all of the medical codes and drug codes.

This is a new tool, please reach out using the contact form for feedback and improvement ideas.

First, a cohort is built by matching controls to the endpoint cases using year of birth and sex. Then, a Fisher test is done for all the medical codes and drug codes between the cases and controls of this cohort. Codes are reported in the table below if they have −log10(p-value) ≥ 6.

Matched cohort

Matched cases
390
Matched controls
3898
Code
Vocabulary
Description
Odds Ratio
-log10(p)
N matched cases
N matched controls
H60.1
ICD-10 Finland
Cellulitis of external ear
+∞
323.0
390
12
H60.9
ICD-10 Finland
Otitis externa, unspecified
20.4
78.4
122
85
H60.3
ICD-10 Finland
Other infective otitis externa
43.0
55.1
68
19
H60.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other otitis externa
36.3
46.1
59
19
H62.0*A46
ICD-10 Finland
Otitis externa in erysipelas
491.0
45.2
44
*
H60
ICD-10 Finland
Otitis externa
12.3
28.3
52
48
J01DB01
ATC
cefalexin; oral
4.3
21.6
354
2709
A46
ICD-10 Finland
Erysipelas
4.2
20.8
88
255
H66.0
ICD-10 Finland
Acute suppurative otitis media
4.8
19.8
71
174
H01
ICPC
Ear pain/earache
4.0
18.5
81
240
H60.0
ICD-10 Finland
Abscess of external ear
55.3
18.1
21
*
UDC00
NOMESCO Finland
Ear microscopy
5.4
17.5
54
112
H66.9
ICD-10 Finland
Otitis media, unspecified
5.2
17.3
56
122
H70
ICPC
Otitis externa
10.7
14.7
28
28
H29
ICPC
Ear symptom/complaint other
3.9
14.6
64
188
Z01.1
ICD-10 Finland
Examination of ears and hearing
3.4
13.8
73
250
Z03.9
ICD-10 Finland
Observation for suspected disease or condition, unspecified
2.9
13.4
93
383
H04
ICPC
Ear discharge
8.5
13.1
28
35
J01FF01
ATC
clindamycin; systemic
2.4
11.9
129
676
H92.0
ICD-10 Finland
Otalgia
4.9
11.8
39
87
H62.0
ICD-10 Finland
Otitis externa in bacterial diseases classified elsewhere
+∞
11.5
11
*
L30.9
ICD-10 Finland
Dermatitis, unspecified
2.6
10.9
85
372
H66.3
ICD-10 Finland
Other chronic suppurative otitis media
+∞
10.5
10
*
H60.5
ICD-10 Finland
Acute otitis externa, noninfective
24.1
10.3
14
6
SPAT1033
SPAT
Irrigation or wax removal of outer auditory canal
2.6
9.9
78
341
H13
ICPC
Plugged feeling ear
2.6
9.8
80
356
H61.8
ICD-10 Finland
Other specified disorders of external ear
16.7
8.6
13
8
S02CA02
ATC
flumetasone and antiinfectives; otic
4.0
8.3
32
85
H65.2
ICD-10 Finland
Chronic serous otitis media
12.0
8.1
14
12
D07AB02
ATC
hydrocortisone butyrate; topical
2.0
8.0
119
698
H90.6
ICD-10 Finland
Mixed conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, bilateral
13.4
7.9
13
10
S76
ICPC
Skin infection other
3.7
7.8
33
95
H61.2
ICD-10 Finland
Impacted cerumen
4.4
7.8
27
65
S03CA04
ATC
hydrocortisone and antiinfectives; ophthalmic, otic (ophth. and otological prep., corticosteroids and antiinfectives in comb.)
5.4
7.7
22
43
J01MA02
ATC
ciprofloxacin; systemic
1.9
7.6
151
978
H65.3
ICD-10 Finland
Chronic mucoid otitis media
5.8
7.5
20
36
H65.0
ICD-10 Finland
Acute serous otitis media
7.9
7.5
16
21
N02AJ06
ATC
codeine and paracetamol; systemic
1.9
7.4
152
999
D07CC01
ATC
betamethasone and antibiotics; topical
2.5
7.4
61
272
D07AC01
ATC
betamethasone; topical
1.9
7.2
137
872
TDW99
NOMESCO Finland
Other minor procedure in surgery of ear, nose and larynx
4.9
7.1
22
47
L03.2
ICD-10 Finland
Cellulitis of face
12.3
7.1
12
10
L21.9
ICD-10 Finland
Seborrhoeic dermatitis, unspecified
10.3
7.1
13
13
GD1AA
NOMESCO Finland
Thorax X-ray examination
1.8
6.5
153
1036
H70.0
ICD-10 Finland
Acute mastoiditis
70.9
6.4
7
*
DCA20
NOMESCO Finland
Insertion of ventilating tube through tympanic membrane
4.7
6.4
20
44
DC1AD
NOMESCO Finland
Temporalbone CT
11.3
6.3
11
10
H61.3
ICD-10 Finland
Acquired stenosis of external ear canal
+∞
6.3
6
*
DFF00
NOMESCO Finland
Pure tone audiometry
2.8
6.3
38
144
J06.9
ICD-10 Finland
Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified
1.7
6.0
183
1336

LabWAS

OMOP Concept
People with measurements
Mean N measurements
Mean measured value
(ID) Name
N Cases
N Controls
OR
-log10(p)
cases
controls
unit
cases
controls
-log10(p)
N cases
N controls
(3007853) Bacteria identified in Skin by Aerobe culture
121
375
4.10
34.85
2.3
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3023368) Bacteria identified in Blood by Culture
151
819
2.30
14.23
3.6
4.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3042936) Bacteria identified in Isolate by Culture
91
464
2.22
9.51
2.0
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3013826) Glucose [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
256
1978
1.73
6.96
5.1
4.4
mmol/l
6.5
6.6
0.17
242
1811
(36305247) Microscopic observation [Identifier] in Isolate by Gram stain
25
83
3.14
6.18
1.4
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3044938) Influenza virus A RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
84
504
1.83
5.39
1.9
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3020460) C reactive protein [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
397
3604
2.32
5.36
16.2
12.4
mg/l
23.3
22.5
0.17
349
2789
(3019550) Sodium [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
395
3595
2.21
5.01
16.4
13.6
mmol/l
139.6
139.6
0.04
389
3499
(3023103) Potassium [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
396
3609
2.23
4.98
16.5
13.7
mmol/l
4.0
4.0
0.03
390
3507
(3013707) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate by Westergren method
307
2606
1.62
4.84
4.7
3.9
mm/h
11.5
10.6
0.57
287
2415
(3013115) Eosinophils [#/volume] in Blood
227
1813
1.53
4.56
6.9
6.2
e9/l
0.2
0.2
0.20
199
1620
(586526) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) RNA [Presence] in Nasopharynx by NAA with probe detection
37
177
2.19
4.47
1.6
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3021347) Calcium.ionized [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
187
1437
1.53
4.46
6.4
5.8
mmol/l
1.2
1.2
1.70
166
1316
(3022096) Basophils/100 leukocytes in Blood
203
1588
1.53
4.46
7.0
6.1
%
0.6
0.7
0.38
190
1497
(3013650) Neutrophils [#/volume] in Blood by Automated count
249
2040
1.52
4.36
10.7
9.2
e9/l
4.3
4.0
1.20
210
1796
(42870588) Differential panel, method unspecified - Blood
155
1151
1.54
4.29
7.0
6.0
—
—
—
0
0
(36304419) Bacteria [Presence] in Urine
129
919
1.58
4.28
2.9
2.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3006504) Eosinophils/100 leukocytes in Blood
208
1647
1.51
4.25
6.9
6.0
%
2.7
2.8
0.37
195
1552
(3035995) Alkaline phosphatase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
307
2641
1.57
4.23
7.6
7.3
u/l
73.5
76.9
0.78
291
2478
(3006315) Basophils [#/volume] in Blood
219
1756
1.50
4.19
6.9
5.9
e9/l
0.0
0.0
0.57
189
1541
(3001604) Monocytes [#/volume] in Blood
218
1749
1.50
4.14
6.7
5.9
e9/l
0.6
0.6
1.43
188
1533
(3030467) Casts [#/volume] in Urine by Automated count
129
928
1.56
4.08
3.0
2.9
e6/l
0.2
0.4
2.82
94
691
(3032080) INR in Blood by Coagulation assay
166
1262
1.51
4.07
8.8
7.5
inr
1.2
1.2
0.21
55
382
(3014051) Protein [Presence] in Urine by Test strip
20
75
2.75
4.05
3.3
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3019069) Monocytes/100 leukocytes in Blood
208
1660
1.49
4.01
7.1
6.3
%
8.4
8.4
0.15
193
1577
(3002030) Lymphocytes/100 leukocytes in Blood
213
1717
1.48
3.86
6.9
6.0
%
28.6
28.6
0.01
198
1625
(3018095) Leukocytes [#/volume] in Urine
160
1220
1.50
3.82
3.7
3.5
e6/l
115.1
86.0
0.26
113
841
(3018010) Neutrophils/100 leukocytes in Blood
210
1693
1.47
3.78
6.7
5.9
%
57.1
56.9
0.08
195
1609
(3001079) Blood group antibody screen [Presence] in Serum or Plasma
207
1665
1.47
3.76
3.6
4.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3019800) Troponin T.cardiac [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
156
1189
1.49
3.71
3.7
3.3
ng/l
30.5
34.1
0.15
100
755
(3019198) Lymphocytes [#/volume] in Blood
222
1815
1.46
3.68
6.9
5.9
e9/l
2.0
2.0
0.05
194
1627
(40758558) Short blood count panel - Blood
120
867
1.53
3.68
7.8
6.9
—
—
—
0
0
(40764999) Glomerular filtration rate/1.73 sq M.predicted [Volume Rate/Area] in Serum, Plasma or Blood by Creatinine-based formula (CKD-EPI)
367
3332
1.69
3.67
14.2
11.1
ml/min/173m2
90.0
86.5
2.01
308
2718
(3037467) Urinalysis macro (dipstick) panel - Urine
281
2409
1.48
3.62
4.8
4.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3009201) Thyrotropin [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
360
3262
1.64
3.51
4.6
4.6
mu/l
1.8
1.9
0.30
330
3027
(3038288) Influenza virus B RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
57
347
1.74
3.46
1.8
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3013721) Aspartate aminotransferase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
155
1194
1.47
3.45
2.7
3.4
u/l
29.5
32.7
0.92
149
1137
(3022217) INR in Platelet poor plasma by Coagulation assay
58
356
1.73
3.42
12.4
21.2
inr
1.2
1.3
0.12
11
51
(3043924) Respiratory syncytial virus RNA [Identifier] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
56
341
1.74
3.40
1.8
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3042299) inFLIXimab [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
8
14
5.80
3.35
2.1
3.9
mg/l
5.1
5.6
—
8
14
(3002582) Erythrocytes [#/volume] in Urine
136
1026
1.48
3.35
3.2
3.0
e6/l
36.3
116.9
0.66
104
778
(3021589) Normoblasts [#/volume] in Blood
199
1615
1.43
3.32
10.0
8.8
e9/l
0.0
0.0
0.54
167
1324
(3012516) Albumin [Mass/volume] in Urine
119
878
1.49
3.26
2.9
3.4
mg/l
76.7
293.7
1.01
77
586
(3030306) Epithelial cells.non-squamous [#/volume] in Urine by Automated count
81
550
1.58
3.24
2.6
2.7
e6/l
1.2
0.8
0.61
46
307
(3026008) Bacteria identified in Urine by Culture
129
970
1.47
3.21
2.9
2.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3021337) Troponin I.cardiac [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
86
595
1.56
3.17
3.3
3.4
ng/l
1371.3
310.4
0.65
57
416
(3006140) Bilirubin.total [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
212
1751
1.42
3.16
5.4
6.3
umol/l
10.5
11.0
0.15
198
1666
(3000494) Fungus identified in Specimen by Culture
62
397
1.66
3.14
2.1
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3024561) Albumin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
168
1334
1.43
3.11
4.8
4.8
g/l
35.0
36.1
1.61
155
1250
(3009466) Valproate [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
14
50
2.86
3.11
3.6
5.5
umol/l
329.6
364.8
0.37
14
45
(3044254) Respiratory syncytial virus RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
24
113
2.19
3.06
2.0
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3045414) Leukocytes [Presence] in Urine
28
142
2.04
2.97
2.6
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3004789) Transferrin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
71
477
1.59
2.97
2.9
2.3
g/l
2.4
2.4
0.12
65
436
(3000850) Epithelial cells [#/volume] in Urine
96
690
1.50
2.96
2.5
2.5
e6/l
8.1
6.7
0.24
85
607
(3016502) Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood
47
284
1.74
2.94
8.0
8.3
%
96.0
96.1
0.04
47
273
(40763571) Iron/Transferrin [Ratio] in Serum or Plasma
66
438
1.60
2.90
3.1
2.4
%
22.9
24.1
0.30
61
378
(3026389) Candida sp identified in Specimen by Organism specific culture
11
36
3.11
2.83
1.1
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3051552) Clostridioides difficile toxin genes [Presence] in Stool by NAA with probe detection
37
214
1.80
2.69
2.1
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3029287) Urinalysis microscopic panel [#/volume] - Urine by Automated count
149
1183
1.40
2.69
3.6
3.1
—
—
—
0
0
(40768804) Tissue Pathology biopsy report
170
1380
1.38
2.69
2.2
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3020682) Albumin/Creatinine [Ratio] in Urine
121
929
1.42
2.64
3.6
4.1
mg/mmol
17.0
12.7
0.22
76
600
(3009343) pH of Capillary blood
37
216
1.78
2.62
4.4
3.3
ph
7.4
7.4
—
6
22
(3016431) Calcium.ionized [Moles/volume] adjusted to pH 7.4 in Serum or Plasma
189
1569
1.37
2.57
7.6
6.6
mmol/l
1.2
1.2
1.96
160
1333
(3039000) Anion gap in Blood
15
62
2.47
2.57
3.3
6.5
mmol/l
10.3
11.2
0.57
15
53
(3018572) Chloride [Moles/volume] in Blood
15
62
2.47
2.57
3.3
6.5
mmol/l
106.3
105.9
0.19
15
53
(3029879) Epithelial cells.squamous [#/volume] in Urine by Automated count
74
521
1.51
2.51
2.8
2.8
e6/l
3.7
2.5
0.42
38
280
(3007930) Methemoglobin/Hemoglobin.total in Blood
22
109
2.07
2.51
2.9
5.3
%
0.9
0.9
0.51
22
99
(3007220) Creatine kinase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
120
928
1.41
2.50
2.0
2.1
u/l
258.8
279.8
0.05
111
877
(3019225) pH of Specimen
46
290
1.66
2.49
4.1
4.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3009508) Creatinine [Moles/volume] in Urine
129
1014
1.39
2.44
3.0
3.3
mmol/l
7.5
7.8
0.27
111
869
(3002173) Hemoglobin [Mass/volume] in Arterial blood
43
270
1.66
2.37
8.3
8.4
g/l
122.8
119.2
0.61
43
257
(3002109) Cholesterol in LDL/Cholesterol in HDL [Mass Ratio] in Serum or Plasma
20
376
0.51
2.33
1.4
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3022621) pH of Urine by Test strip
36
217
1.72
2.30
4.0
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3003396) Base excess in Arterial blood by calculation
48
314
1.60
2.26
8.1
8.0
mmol/l
1.4
1.0
0.36
37
243
(3000081) cloZAPine [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
9
30
3.04
2.16
16.0
14.3
nmol/l
1430.7
1565.8
—
9
30
(43055554) Base excess.100% oxygenated [Moles/volume] standard in Capillary blood by calculation
34
206
1.71
2.15
3.6
3.3
mmol/l
1.4
1.3
0.07
25
151
(40761511) CBC panel - Blood by Automated count
398
3788
1.68
2.14
14.9
11.6
—
—
—
0
0
(46235759) Influenza virus B RNA [Presence] in Nasopharynx by NAA with probe detection
23
124
1.90
2.11
2.4
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3023081) Carboxyhemoglobin/Hemoglobin.total in Blood
21
111
1.94
2.04
2.8
5.2
%
2.1
1.6
0.77
21
100
(3028707) Methadone [Presence] in Urine by Screen method
19
97
2.00
2.03
2.0
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3044640) Blood type and Crossmatch panel - Blood
134
1088
1.34
2.02
2.3
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3044491) Cholesterol non HDL [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
13
268
0.47
2.00
1.3
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(46236098) ABO and Rh group [Type] in Blood by Confirmatory method
105
823
1.36
1.99
2.2
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
(706163) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) RNA [Presence] in Respiratory system specimen by NAA with probe detection
288
2605
1.32
1.96
3.2
3.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3048689) Calprotectin [Mass/mass] in Stool
64
466
1.44
1.85
2.9
2.3
ug/g
229.7
115.7
0.42
47
361
(36031861) Influenza virus A and B and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Respiratory syncytial virus RNA panel - Respiratory system specimen by NAA with probe detection
29
176
1.69
1.85
1.4
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3016771) Amylase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
127
1036
1.32
1.83
2.5
2.6
u/l
53.1
55.6
0.48
114
959
(3028626) Oxygen [Partial pressure] in Capillary blood
17
87
1.99
1.82
5.3
3.4
kpa
8.0
8.5
0.44
17
79
(3021901) Oxygen saturation in Capillary blood
12
53
2.30
1.82
4.1
3.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3019060) Gas panel - Arterial blood
30
185
1.67
1.81
4.6
4.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3004410) Hemoglobin A1c/Hemoglobin.total in Blood
338
3143
1.35
1.80
5.3
5.3
mmol/mol
40.3
39.3
0.97
309
2964
(3008152) Bicarbonate [Moles/volume] in Arterial blood
29
178
1.67
1.78
8.2
6.8
mmol/l
24.5
24.4
0.02
29
165
(3016417) Amylase.pancreatic [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
47
325
1.50
1.76
1.9
2.4
u/l
28.4
31.2
0.52
42
271
(4198724)
6
18
3.36
1.75
1.3
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
(36033641) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Ag [Presence] in Upper respiratory specimen by Rapid immunoassay
13
61
2.17
1.73
1.2
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3016018) Differential panel - Cerebral spinal fluid
7
24
2.95
1.73
1.0
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(40768443) Skin Pathology biopsy report
23
134
1.76
1.69
1.1
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3007628) Bicarbonate [Moles/volume] standard in Venous blood
25
151
1.70
1.64
4.0
4.5
mmol/l
25.2
23.9
1.01
19
141
(1616796) Gas panel - Central venous blood
13
63
2.10
1.61
3.3
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3035350) Ketones [Presence] in Urine by Test strip
196
1718
1.26
1.57
4.0
3.3
estimate
0.0
0.0
0.00
45
348
(3006923) Alanine aminotransferase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
396
3803
1.52
1.56
11.1
9.7
u/l
27.6
26.8
0.34
379
3691
(3043109) Cytology report of Tissue fine needle aspirate Cyto stain
16
86
1.89
1.52
1.2
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3024135) Streptococcus.beta-hemolytic [Presence] in Throat by Organism specific culture
102
828
1.30
1.51
1.9
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3008733) Herpes simplex virus DNA [Presence] in Cerebral spinal fluid by NAA with probe detection
6
21
2.88
1.51
1.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3019497) Choriogonadotropin.beta subunit free [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
6
21
2.88
1.51
1.2
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
(40762366) Oxygen capacity [Volume Fraction] in Arterial blood
24
149
1.65
1.44
9.3
10.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3045788) Cell count panel - Pleural fluid
5
16
3.15
1.44
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(42868674) Cholesterol in HDL/Cholesterol.total [Molar ratio] in Serum or Plasma
52
385
1.40
1.40
4.9
4.1
%
31.5
31.1
0.07
31
262
(3037522) Nuclear Ab [Titer] in Serum
64
491
1.36
1.39
1.3
1.3
titre
746.7
438.0
—
6
102
(40759883) Oligoclonal Bands IgG [Presence] in Cerebral spinal fluid by Isoelectric focusing
6
23
2.63
1.37
1.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3014973) Borrelia burgdorferi IgM Ab [Units/volume] in Cerebral spinal fluid
9
42
2.17
1.34
1.1
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3007461) Platelets [#/volume] in Blood
415
4045
1.74
1.31
23.8
18.4
e9/l
259.8
252.5
1.55
406
3954
(3003031) Transferrin.carbohydrate deficient.disialo/Transferrin.total in Serum or Plasma
65
505
1.34
1.31
2.2
1.8
%
1.5
1.5
0.32
59
450
(3021601) Nitrite [Presence] in Urine by Test strip
195
1734
1.23
1.31
5.1
4.5
estimate
0.0
0.0
0.00
46
349
(3052851) Hemolysis interference index of Serum or Plasma
16
91
1.79
1.30
1.8
2.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3003694) ABO and Rh group [Type] in Blood
129
1099
1.25
1.29
1.5
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3012441) Differential panel - Pleural fluid
5
18
2.80
1.29
1.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(40771025) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3+25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
160
1396
1.23
1.28
2.3
2.2
nmol/l
78.1
75.4
0.57
144
1267
(3012544) pH of Venous blood
39
279
1.44
1.28
3.4
4.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3013512) EKG study
108
902
1.26
1.28
3.7
3.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3043405) Microscopic observation [Identifier] in Specimen by Non-gynecological cytology method
6
25
2.42
1.24
1.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3009261) Glucose [Presence] in Urine by Test strip
196
1752
1.22
1.23
4.0
3.4
estimate
0.0
0.0
0.50
44
337
(3029187) Natriuretic peptide.B prohormone N-Terminal [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
97
803
1.27
1.23
3.2
3.2
ng/l
853.8
1063.5
0.36
83
692
(3026361) Erythrocytes [#/volume] in Blood
415
4050
1.71
1.23
23.8
18.3
e12/l
4.5
4.5
0.31
408
3954
(3028369) Herpes simplex virus 1+2 DNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
10
49
2.07
1.23
1.1
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3011288) Drugs identified in Urine by Screen method
21
132
1.62
1.23
2.6
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3008486) Thyroxine (T4) free [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
291
2708
1.23
1.22
3.8
4.0
pmol/l
14.6
14.7
0.04
262
2471
(3010813) Leukocytes [#/volume] in Blood
415
4051
1.70
1.21
23.8
18.4
e9/l
7.2
6.7
4.85
408
3950
(1002224) Polysomnography panel
9
168
0.53
1.21
1.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(1761868) Lipid panel - Serum or Plasma
118
1374
0.81
1.21
2.3
2.6
—
—
—
0
0
(46236952) Glomerular filtration rate/1.73 sq M.predicted [Volume Rate/Area] in Serum, Plasma or Blood by Creatinine-based formula (MDRD)
37
266
1.43
1.19
2.7
2.3
ml/min/173m2
69.9
72.9
—
8
106
(3000093) Morphology [Interpretation] in Blood Narrative
6
26
2.33
1.19
1.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(43054903) Holo-transcobalamin II [Moles/volume] in Serum
143
1242
1.23
1.19
1.9
1.9
pmol/l
94.7
94.3
0.03
63
657
(3035999) Lactate [Moles/volume] in Cerebral spinal fluid
5
20
2.52
1.15
1.0
1.5
mmol/l
1.8
1.9
—
5
20
(3008909) Norovirus RNA [Presence] in Stool by NAA with probe detection
14
80
1.78
1.14
1.3
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3029511) Human papilloma virus DNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
19
119
1.62
1.13
1.5
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3017143) Hepatitis C virus Ab [Presence] in Serum
60
472
1.32
1.13
1.9
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3015399) Transferrin receptor.soluble [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
99
831
1.25
1.12
2.3
2.1
mg/l
2.8
3.0
0.17
89
716
(3017181) Myelocytes/100 leukocytes in Blood
38
279
1.40
1.10
3.6
4.0
%
0.9
0.8
—
7
80
(3010380) Borrelia burgdorferi IgG Ab [Units/volume] in Cerebral spinal fluid
8
41
1.97
1.09
1.1
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3005772) Bilirubin.conjugated [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
52
403
1.33
1.09
2.5
2.9
umol/l
4.3
7.7
2.09
40
338
(3003327) Ova and parasites identified in Stool by Light microscopy
19
121
1.60
1.07
1.7
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3025023) Rhinovirus RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
7
33
2.14
1.06
1.4
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3020891) Body temperature
18
114
1.60
1.04
5.2
4.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3000330) Specific gravity of Urine by Test strip
23
155
1.51
1.03
3.2
3.1
—
—
—
0
0
(36660697) Celiac disease serology panel - Serum
40
301
1.36
1.02
1.5
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(40768797) Stomach Pathology biopsy report
56
444
1.30
1.01
1.1
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3025941) Bacteria identified in Stool by Culture
28
198
1.44
1.00
1.1
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3011166) Borrelia burgdorferi Ab [Presence] in Cerebral spinal fluid
7
35
2.02
1.00
1.1
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3045783) Sodium and Potassium panel [Moles/volume] - Serum or Plasma
48
373
1.32
0.99
5.2
6.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3022145) Colonoscopy Study observation
48
373
1.32
0.99
1.6
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3010566) Parathyrin.intact [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
11
61
1.82
0.99
5.1
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3016894) Varicella zoster virus DNA [Presence] in Cerebral spinal fluid by NAA with probe detection
5
23
2.19
0.98
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3041145) Herpes simplex virus IgM Ab [Presence] in Serum by Immunoassay
5
23
2.19
0.98
1.2
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3023601) Vancomycin resistant enterococcus [Presence] in Specimen by Organism specific culture
5
23
2.19
0.98
4.6
2.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3051714) Fibrin D-dimer FEU [Mass/volume] in Platelet poor plasma
90
760
1.23
0.97
1.5
1.8
mg/l
1.0
1.1
0.28
59
565
(3041096) Erythrocytes [Presence] in Urine by Automated
116
1006
1.21
0.96
3.4
2.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3021440) Promyelocytes/100 leukocytes in Blood
35
261
1.37
0.95
3.7
4.1
%
0.2
0.1
—
6
72
(3002032) Base excess in Venous blood by calculation
36
270
1.36
0.94
3.6
4.2
mmol/l
2.3
1.9
0.36
28
211
(3018559) Microscopic observation [Identifier] in Buccal smear by Cyto stain
7
37
1.91
0.94
1.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3023520) Reticulocytes [#/volume] in Blood
33
245
1.38
0.92
2.4
3.1
e9/l
63.0
72.0
0.90
25
185
(3041642) Human coronavirus 229E RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
6
28
2.16
0.92
1.3
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3038546) Human coronavirus OC43 RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
6
28
2.16
0.92
1.3
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3040359) Human coronavirus NL63 RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
6
28
2.16
0.92
1.3
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3019309) Folate [Moles/volume] in Red Blood Cells
65
534
1.26
0.90
1.7
1.7
nmol/l
909.1
1209.0
2.12
41
411
(3024950) Chlamydia trachomatis DNA [Presence] in Urine by NAA with probe detection
76
636
1.24
0.89
2.4
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3007368) IgG [Mass/volume] in Cerebral spinal fluid
6
29
2.08
0.89
1.0
1.1
mg/l
31.4
37.3
—
6
22
(1001926) Buprenorphine [Presence] in Urine by Screen method
23
161
1.45
0.88
1.7
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3000991) Gas panel - Venous blood
33
247
1.36
0.88
9.6
9.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3042975) Streptococcus sp identified in Isolate by Organism specific culture
6
30
2.01
0.87
1.2
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3002179) Metamyelocytes/100 leukocytes in Blood
34
258
1.35
0.84
2.6
3.9
%
0.3
0.5
—
6
55
(4281824)
6
32
1.89
0.82
1.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3027945) Reticulocytes/100 erythrocytes in Blood
43
340
1.29
0.81
2.2
3.0
%
1.7
1.8
0.24
37
305
(43054914) Glucose tolerance 2 hours panel - Serum or Plasma
53
431
1.26
0.81
1.6
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3037551) Cancer Ag 125 [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
12
187
0.63
0.80
5.8
2.3
u/ml
27.2
33.6
0.21
12
179
(3025159) Blasts/100 leukocytes in Blood
33
252
1.34
0.79
3.8
4.1
%
0.0
0.1
—
6
61
(3025271) CD3-CD16+CD56+ (Natural killer) cells [#/volume] in Blood
0
26
0.00
0.78
0.0
2.7
—
0.2
—
0
21
(3009035) Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
76
646
1.21
0.78
1.6
1.7
pmol/l
52459490.7
12116174.3
0.34
61
553
(3016879) Cocaine [Presence] in Urine
26
192
1.38
0.77
2.1
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3008757) Leukocyte morphology finding [Identifier] in Blood
6
34
1.78
0.76
1.8
4.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3001405) CD3+CD8+ (T8 suppressor) cells [#/volume] in Blood
0
28
0.00
0.76
0.0
2.6
—
396.1
—
0
22
(3044290) Cell count panel - Cerebral spinal fluid
11
67
1.66
0.76
1.0
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3009991) Angiotensin converting enzyme [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Cerebral spinal fluid
5
24
2.10
0.74
1.0
1.0
u/l
0.9
1.2
—
5
14
(40761536) Microorganisms panel - Urine sediment
39
309
1.29
0.74
3.4
3.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3012202) Varicella zoster virus DNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
5
25
2.01
0.73
1.4
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(4027681)
5
25
2.01
0.73
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3016881) Enterovirus RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
7
39
1.81
0.73
1.4
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(40765161) Human bocavirus DNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
9
56
1.62
0.72
1.9
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3003284) Neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab.perinuclear [Titer] in Serum by Immunofluorescence
16
109
1.49
0.72
1.4
1.7
—
231.4
—
0
7
(3009542) Hematocrit [Volume Fraction] of Blood
351
3390
1.19
0.71
17.4
13.3
%
40.9
40.3
0.86
263
2634
(3018171) Choriogonadotropin [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
27
204
1.35
0.71
2.3
2.2
u/l
2468.0
2534.6
—
6
85
(3010144) Erythrocytes [#/volume] in Synovial fluid
5
26
1.93
0.71
2.2
1.3
e6/l
482.4
15649.5
—
5
18
(3028531) Enolase.neuron specific [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
5
26
1.93
0.71
2.8
2.2
ug/l
16.0
18.4
—
5
26
(3042194) Human metapneumovirus RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
12
77
1.57
0.69
1.8
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(40769539) Bacteria identified based on 16S rRNA gene [Identifier] in Specimen by Sequencing
9
59
1.54
0.68
1.9
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3001122) Ferritin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
178
1643
1.14
0.67
3.2
2.8
ug/l
104.8
110.0
0.15
162
1530
(4268621)
7
43
1.64
0.67
1.9
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3019150) Specific gravity of Urine by Refractometry
88
771
1.18
0.66
4.1
3.6
kg/l
1.0
1.0
0.29
16
114
(3029937) Albumin [Presence] in Urine by Test strip
106
943
1.16
0.66
4.7
3.5
estimate
0.0
0.0
0.25
42
339
(3026782) Osmolality of Urine
75
649
1.19
0.65
2.5
2.5
mosm/kgh2o
557.0
567.1
0.15
67
558
(3000764) Benzodiazepines [Presence] in Urine
27
207
1.32
0.65
2.1
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3027008) Opiates [Presence] in Urine
27
207
1.32
0.65
2.1
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(40763086) Leukocyte esterase [Presence] in Urine by Automated test strip
148
1352
1.14
0.65
4.1
3.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3020044) Glucose [Moles/volume] in Cerebral spinal fluid
12
79
1.53
0.63
1.0
1.6
mmol/l
3.3
3.7
1.71
12
73
(3002256) Pathology report gross observation
52
436
1.22
0.63
1.3
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3005895) Myoglobin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
6
102
0.58
0.63
2.8
2.4
ug/l
724.2
337.1
—
6
96
(3028300) Cannabinoids [Presence] in Urine
27
209
1.31
0.62
2.2
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(4024509)
5
30
1.67
0.61
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3019473) Protein [Mass/volume] in Cerebral spinal fluid
13
88
1.49
0.61
1.1
1.6
mg/l
456.8
393.9
0.56
13
82
(3049539) Genetic diseases [Identifier] in Blood or Tissue by FISH Nominal
0
21
0.00
0.60
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3014791) Apolipoprotein B [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
22
0.00
0.59
0.0
1.5
—
1.0
—
0
22
(3027953) Aldolase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
22
0.00
0.59
0.0
1.4
—
10.5
—
0
17
(3045424) Erythrocytes [Presence] in Urine
8
53
1.52
0.58
1.1
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3020013) Alkaline phosphatase.intestinal [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
23
0.00
0.58
0.0
1.4
—
3.6
—
0
7
(3017704) Immunofixation for Urine
0
23
0.00
0.58
0.0
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3011397) Hemoglobin [Presence] in Urine by Test strip
87
771
1.16
0.58
4.3
3.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3012220) Varicella zoster virus IgM Ab [Presence] in Serum by Immunoassay
8
54
1.49
0.57
1.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(40762119) U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70kD Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
6
36
1.68
0.57
1.2
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3002148) Methylenedioxymethamphetamine [Presence] in Urine by Screen method
6
36
1.68
0.57
2.3
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3023150) Myeloperoxidase Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
9
61
1.49
0.54
1.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(43055120) Cytomegalovirus DNA [Units/volume] (viral load) in Serum or Plasma by NAA with probe detection
11
74
1.50
0.54
8.4
8.6
iu/ml
634.4
458.9
—
5
14
(3019900) Cholesterol [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
358
3485
1.16
0.53
4.3
4.1
mmol/l
4.5
4.7
1.56
324
3272
(3025130) Human papilloma virus identified in Specimen
9
62
1.46
0.53
1.4
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3022313) Gas panel - Capillary blood
21
161
1.32
0.53
5.5
3.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3003510) Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA [Presence] in Urine by NAA with probe detection
66
577
1.17
0.53
2.4
2.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3023465) Gamma globulin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma by Electrophoresis
6
100
0.59
0.52
1.8
1.8
g/l
11.4
10.3
—
6
90
(3027944) Amphetamines [Presence] in Urine
26
207
1.27
0.50
2.2
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3023511) Choriogonadotropin [Units/volume] in Urine
17
127
1.35
0.50
1.6
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3048773) Triglyceride [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma --fasting
343
3334
1.14
0.50
3.9
3.7
mmol/l
1.4
1.3
3.59
311
3107
(4035726)
34
281
1.23
0.49
1.6
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3044941) Cell count panel - Synovial fluid
7
45
1.56
0.49
3.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3030692) Respiratory virus DNA+RNA [Identifier] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
7
45
1.56
0.49
2.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3000570) Elastase.pancreatic [Mass/mass] in Stool
13
93
1.41
0.48
1.2
1.3
ug/g
195.5
318.4
—
7
55
(3021879) Hepatitis B virus core Ab [Presence] in Serum
36
300
1.22
0.48
1.5
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3048929) Epstein Barr virus Ab [Presence] in Serum
20
155
1.30
0.47
1.1
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3004588) Protein electrophoresis panel - Serum or Plasma
14
187
0.74
0.46
1.4
2.3
—
—
—
0
0
(46237023) Hepatitis B virus core and surface Ab and surface Ag panel - Serum
17
129
1.33
0.46
1.6
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3001784) Prostate Specific Ag Free/Prostate specific Ag.total in Serum or Plasma
74
823
0.88
0.44
3.3
4.1
%
22.0
21.2
0.14
35
357
(3050238) Crystals [Presence] in Synovial fluid by Light microscopy
11
78
1.42
0.43
2.2
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3027544) Mycobacterium sp identified in Sputum by Organism specific culture
5
31
1.62
0.43
3.8
3.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3032773) Endomysium IgG Ab [Titer] in Serum
5
32
1.57
0.42
1.2
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3016914) Bacteria identified in Cerebral spinal fluid by Culture
5
32
1.57
0.42
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3019050) Tissue transglutaminase IgA Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
98
897
1.12
0.42
1.5
1.3
u/ml
4.4
2.2
0.29
27
244
(3047189) Immunofixation for 24 hour Urine
0
15
0.00
0.41
0.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3036535) Thyroglobulin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
16
0.00
0.41
0.0
7.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3020717) Zinc [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
16
0.00
0.41
0.0
1.3
—
21.7
—
0
16
(3011831) Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I [Percentile]
0
16
0.00
0.41
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(4306422)
8
59
1.36
0.41
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3008364) Apolipoprotein A-I [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
17
0.00
0.40
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3018251) Fasting glucose [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
346
3379
1.12
0.40
4.5
4.1
mmol/l
6.1
5.9
1.48
318
3119
(3014162) Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
12
88
1.37
0.40
3.1
3.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3013180) HIV 1 RNA [Units/volume] (viral load) in Serum or Plasma by Probe with amplification
0
18
0.00
0.40
0.0
7.5
—
34.5
—
0
6
(21491868) Cryoglobulin [Mass/volume] in Serum
0
18
0.00
0.40
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3024891) Influenza virus A+B Ag [Presence] in Specimen
7
104
0.67
0.40
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3024928) Oxygen saturation in Venous blood
8
61
1.32
0.39
2.0
2.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3004716) Salmonella sp identified in Stool by Organism specific culture
19
236
0.80
0.39
1.4
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3050129) First trimester maternal screen panel - Serum or Plasma
16
203
0.78
0.39
1.2
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3000924) Streptococcus pyogenes [Presence] in Throat by Organism specific culture
9
66
1.37
0.38
1.2
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3042631) Mycobacterium sp identified in Specimen
5
36
1.39
0.38
2.0
3.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3042596) Human coronavirus RNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
5
36
1.39
0.38
2.2
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3046870) Tissue transglutaminase IgG Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
20
161
1.25
0.37
1.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3006418) Campylobacter sp identified in Tissue by Organism specific culture
8
112
0.71
0.37
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3014765) Yersinia sp identified in Stool by Organism specific culture
8
112
0.71
0.37
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(42529406) Shigella sp [Presence] in Stool by Culture
8
113
0.70
0.37
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3001019) Free T4 and TSH panel - Serum or Plasma
17
212
0.79
0.36
1.9
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3032836) C peptide [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma --fasting
5
78
0.64
0.36
1.2
2.5
nmol/l
1.4
0.8
—
5
69
(3019284) Hepatitis B virus surface Ag [Presence] in Serum
77
703
1.12
0.35
2.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3026910) Gamma glutamyl transferase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
257
2483
1.09
0.35
3.1
3.1
u/l
43.5
42.9
0.07
237
2365
(21494755) Public health laboratory ask at order entry panel
36
412
0.86
0.33
1.3
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3028286) Albumin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma by Electrophoresis
6
88
0.68
0.33
1.8
1.7
g/l
40.5
38.0
—
6
77
(3040853) Adenovirus DNA [Identifier] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
10
74
1.36
0.32
2.0
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3025468) Yersinia sp identified in Specimen by Organism specific culture
6
47
1.28
0.32
1.8
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3014148) Varicella zoster virus Ab [Titer] in Serum
7
52
1.35
0.31
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3021960) Folate [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
81
749
1.10
0.30
1.6
1.5
nmol/l
20.5
20.4
0.02
68
644
(4034850)
8
106
0.75
0.29
6.8
12.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3019902) Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [Presence] in Specimen by Organism specific culture
36
318
1.14
0.28
3.6
2.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3015816) F5 gene p.Arg506Gln [Presence] in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method
8
63
1.27
0.28
1.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3005702) Mycobacterium sp identified in Specimen by Organism specific culture
8
65
1.24
0.27
2.1
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(4010399)
27
234
1.16
0.27
1.9
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3042206) Streptococcus agalactiae Ag [Presence] in Vaginal fluid
5
75
0.66
0.26
1.2
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3013527) Hepatitis B virus core IgM Ab [Presence] in Serum
9
72
1.26
0.26
1.6
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(40761535) Cells panel - Urine sediment
27
236
1.15
0.25
5.0
3.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3017895) Helicobacter pylori Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
16
133
1.21
0.24
1.3
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3003191) Choriogonadotropin (pregnancy test) [Presence] in Serum or Plasma
19
161
1.19
0.24
2.5
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3039443) Prostate specific Ag panel - Serum or Plasma
6
82
0.73
0.24
1.3
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3050380) Cytology report of Cervical or vaginal smear or scraping Cyto stain
11
136
0.80
0.23
1.2
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(4094501)
11
88
1.26
0.22
1.2
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3015635) Cytomegalovirus IgM Ab [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
7
91
0.77
0.22
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3015377) Calcium [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
111
1056
1.07
0.22
2.6
3.3
mmol/l
2.3
2.3
1.04
98
938
(3044007) Cell count panel - Peritoneal fluid
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3022058) Hepatitis B virus DNA [Presence] in Serum or Plasma by NAA with probe detection
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3009306) Alpha-1-Fetoprotein [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
5.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3027231) Wheat IgE Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3016845) Adenovirus Ag [Presence] in Specimen by Immunofluorescence
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3029715) Chromosome analysis.interphase [Interpretation] in Bone marrow by FISH Narrative
0
11
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(40757349) CD3+CD4+ (T4 helper) cells/CD3+CD8+ (T8 suppressor cells) cells [# Ratio] in Blood
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(40758292) HTLV I+II Ab panel - Serum
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3026048) Bordetella pertussis IgG Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3001684) Respiratory syncytial virus Ag [Presence] in Specimen
0
10
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3006441) Cardiolipin IgM Ab [Presence] in Serum by Immunoassay
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(42529598) SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1 Ab [Presence] in Serum by Line blot
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3013637) Mi-2 Ab [Presence] in Serum
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(42529582) MDA5 Ab [Presence] in Serum by Line blot
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3009613) Erythrocytes [#/volume] in Peritoneal fluid
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.9
—
3919.6
—
0
7
(42528593) TIF1-gamma Ab [Presence] in Serum by Line blot
0
12
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3029396) Erythrocyte agglutination [Presence] in Blood
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
3.6
—
—
—
0
0
(40765096) Chromosome analysis panel by Banding
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3035544) Cardiolipin IgG Ab [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(42869547) Procollagen type III.N-terminal propeptide [Mass/volume] in Serum
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
1.2
—
9.0
—
0
13
(3000060) B lymphocytes [#/volume] in Blood
0
13
0.00
0.21
0.0
3.2
—
230.0
—
0
5
(3001308) Cholesterol in LDL [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
358
3534
1.08
0.20
4.7
4.5
mmol/l
2.7
2.8
0.54
324
3291
(3021614) Rheumatoid factor [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
68
637
1.08
0.20
1.2
1.3
iu/ml
21.3
30.6
0.56
21
208
(3036489) Thrombin time
16
136
1.18
0.20
1.6
2.5
s
19.8
22.1
2.19
16
120
(3012568) Campylobacter sp identified in Specimen by Organism specific culture
6
48
1.25
0.20
1.8
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3005988) Vibrio sp identified in Specimen by Organism specific culture
6
48
1.25
0.20
1.8
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3024522) Salmonella sp identified in Specimen by Organism specific culture
6
48
1.25
0.20
1.8
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(42868716) Shigella species+EIEC invasion plasmid antigen H ipaH gene [Presence] in Stool by NAA with probe detection
6
48
1.25
0.20
1.8
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(21493466) Plesiomonas shigelloides DNA [Presence] in Stool by NAA with non-probe detection
6
48
1.25
0.20
1.8
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3016436) Lactate dehydrogenase [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
14
0.00
0.20
0.0
3.1
—
211.6
—
0
14
(3018418) pH of Serum or Plasma
102
972
1.06
0.19
5.0
3.8
ph
7.4
7.4
0.26
21
178
(3003338) MCHC [Mass/volume]
320
3150
1.06
0.19
20.4
16.1
g/l
332.6
333.1
0.43
320
3130
(3026493) Urate [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
92
875
1.07
0.19
3.0
2.7
umol/l
334.0
6674.0
3.30
77
761
(40768800) Prostate Pathology biopsy report
6
53
1.13
0.18
1.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(36032419) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Ag [Presence] in Upper respiratory specimen by Immunoassay
17
147
1.16
0.18
2.0
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3004383) Neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab.classic [Titer] in Serum by Immunofluorescence
7
58
1.21
0.18
1.1
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3024980) IgG subclass 4 [Mass/volume] in Serum
7
58
1.21
0.18
2.9
1.8
g/l
0.9
0.8
—
7
48
(3013139) Helicobacter pylori Ag [Presence] in Stool
24
214
1.13
0.18
1.3
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3023602) Cholesterol in HDL [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
350
3459
1.06
0.17
4.4
4.0
mmol/l
1.4
1.5
4.73
319
3231
(3003888) Timothy IgE Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
5
68
0.73
0.17
1.0
1.1
u/ml
7.8
7.3
—
5
37
(3051387) C reactive protein [Mass/volume] in Capillary blood
8
68
1.18
0.16
2.6
4.6
mg/l
24.5
31.3
—
8
43
(3005013) Prostate Specific Ag Free [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
57
606
0.93
0.16
2.8
2.7
ug/l
0.6
0.7
0.60
38
376
(3041942) Cyclic citrullinated peptide Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
66
624
1.07
0.16
1.2
1.3
u/ml
7.6
8.5
0.06
27
257
(3026725) Estradiol (E2) [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
8
73
1.10
0.16
1.7
1.5
nmol/l
0.4
0.4
—
8
60
(37019628) Gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens panel - Stool by NAA with probe detection
9
80
1.13
0.15
2.0
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3024403) Complement+Immunoglobulin [Units/volume] in Red Blood Cells
9
82
1.10
0.15
1.4
2.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3013603) Prostate specific Ag [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
97
1008
0.95
0.14
4.7
4.5
ug/l
1.7
2.2
0.74
90
917
(3044889) 12 lead EKG panel
241
2367
1.04
0.14
3.8
3.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3007164) IgA [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
77
802
0.95
0.12
1.6
1.4
g/l
2.0
2.3
1.24
33
500
(3008898) HLA-B27 [Presence]
15
168
0.89
0.12
1.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3016251) Hemoglobin.gastrointestinal [Presence] in Stool
14
156
0.89
0.10
2.1
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
(46235355) HIV 1 and 2 tests - Meaningful Use set
92
892
1.04
0.10
2.4
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3015916) Alpha-1-Fetoprotein [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
5
47
1.06
0.09
3.8
2.6
u/ml
3039.9
6.8
—
5
42
(3021788) Differential panel - Synovial fluid
5
48
1.04
0.09
1.4
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3021952) Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes [Enzymatic activity/volume] in Serum or Plasma by Heat stability
6
55
1.09
0.09
1.5
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(44816844) Macroprolactin [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
6
56
1.07
0.08
1.5
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3014959) Toxoplasma gondii IgG Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
6
58
1.03
0.08
4.3
2.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3043849) Epstein Barr virus DNA [Units/volume] (viral load) in Serum or Plasma by NAA with probe detection
6
58
1.03
0.08
3.7
3.7
—
974.2
—
0
6
(3002482) Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
5
60
0.83
0.08
2.6
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3016650) Hepatitis A virus Ab [Presence] in Serum
5
62
0.80
0.08
1.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3008401) Mugwort IgE Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
5
64
0.78
0.08
1.0
1.1
u/ml
0.3
0.8
—
5
27
(3046524) Influenza virus A Ag [Presence] in Nasopharynx by Immunoassay
5
64
0.78
0.08
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3043362) Influenza virus B Ag [Presence] in Nasopharynx by Immunoassay
5
64
0.78
0.08
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(36032269) Testosterone Free [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma by calculation
7
80
0.87
0.07
1.6
1.9
pmol/l
221.7
220.8
—
7
74
(3000492) Spirometry study
32
336
0.95
0.07
1.8
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3017446) Testosterone [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
26
275
0.94
0.07
1.8
2.1
nmol/l
14.9
13.5
0.21
21
252
(3027545) Mycoplasma pneumoniae Ab [Presence] in Serum by Immunoassay
8
90
0.89
0.07
1.3
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3017918) Cytomegalovirus IgG Ab [Titer] in Serum or Plasma
8
93
0.86
0.07
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3030981) Hyaline casts [#/volume] in Urine by Automated count
19
177
1.08
0.06
2.8
2.8
e6/l
1.0
0.1
0.81
19
169
(44816559) Phosphatidylethanol [Mass/volume] in Blood
9
101
0.89
0.06
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3012110) Lysozyme [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
9
104
0.86
0.06
1.2
2.4
mg/l
7.8
11.6
—
9
97
(40760892) CBC W Ordered Manual Differential panel - Blood
84
859
0.97
0.06
4.3
4.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3011371) Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
28
294
0.95
0.06
2.0
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3033319) Streptococcus pyogenes Ag [Presence] in Throat
47
455
1.04
0.05
1.3
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3043723) Beta 1 globulin [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma by Electrophoresis
10
110
0.91
0.05
1.5
1.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3017732) Neutrophils [#/volume] in Blood
27
259
1.05
0.04
1.9
2.4
e9/l
4.3
4.0
0.29
20
213
(3021584) Pregnancy associated plasma protein A [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
28
291
0.96
0.04
1.6
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(43534045) MCM6 gene c.-13910C>T and -13915T>G [Identifier] in Blood or Tissue by Molecular genetics method Nominal
22
211
1.04
0.03
1.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3018006) Microscopic observation [Identifier] in Cervix by Cyto stain.thin prep
65
639
1.02
0.03
1.7
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(46235831) Pregnancy associated plasma protein A [Multiple of the median] adjusted in Serum or Plasma
15
158
0.95
0.02
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(40763531) Fetal Nuchal fold [Multiple of the median] Thickness adjusted for maternal weight
15
158
0.95
0.02
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3019145) Choriogonadotropin.beta subunit free [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
16
168
0.95
0.02
1.4
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(1002102) Choriogonadotropin.intact+Beta subunit [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma
11
103
1.07
0.02
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3008714) Choriogonadotropin [Multiple of the median] adjusted in Serum or Plasma
15
157
0.95
0.01
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3049207) Fetal Trisomy 21 risk [Likelihood] Based on maternal age
15
157
0.95
0.01
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3025839) Triglyceride [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
93
938
0.99
0.01
1.6
1.6
mmol/l
1.6
1.4
1.27
80
805
(3006093) Chlamydia trachomatis DNA [Presence] in Specimen by NAA with probe detection
39
383
1.02
0.01
2.0
1.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3029713) Protein.monoclonal band 1 [Mass/volume] in Serum or Plasma by Electrophoresis
10
94
1.07
0.01
1.5
2.1
g/l
0.0
1.2
—
10
87
(3019832) Treponema pallidum Ab [Presence] in Serum
54
534
1.01
0.00
2.0
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3004248) Sex hormone binding globulin [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
11
115
0.96
0.00
1.7
1.7
nmol/l
51.2
40.1
0.45
11
110
(3007844) Epstein Barr virus capsid IgM Ab [Units/volume] in Serum by Immunoassay
10
96
1.04
0.00
1.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3049717) Cytology report of Urine Cyto stain
11
114
0.96
0.00
2.6
2.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3002434) Lupus erythematosus deoxynucleoproteins IgG Ab [Units/volume] in Serum by Immunoassay
12
124
0.97
0.00
1.3
2.0
—
—
—
0
0
(21492888) Glucose tolerance 2 hours gestational panel - Serum or Plasma
12
123
0.97
0.00
1.9
1.7
—
—
—
0
0
(3005033) Fetal Nuchal fold Thickness US
13
127
1.02
0.00
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3020321) Streptococcus agalactiae [Presence] in Vaginal fluid by Organism specific culture
14
137
1.02
0.00
1.4
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3047352) Trisomy 18 risk [Likelihood] in Fetus
13
128
1.02
0.00
1.4
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3043238) Trisomy 21 risk [Likelihood] in Fetus
13
132
0.98
0.00
1.4
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(44806420)
0
8
0.00
0.00
0.0
2.8
—
—
—
0
0
(3014300) Beta 2 glycoprotein 1 IgM Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
0
8
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3008116) Ketones [Moles/volume] in Urine by Test strip
0
8
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3032035) Polymorphonuclear cells/100 leukocytes in Blood
6
62
0.97
0.00
5.3
3.3
%
51.8
57.0
—
6
62
(3010521) Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM Ab [Presence] in Serum by Immunoassay
9
90
1.00
0.00
1.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(723474) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) IgG Ab [Presence] in Serum or Plasma by Immunoassay
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3048879) Bone marrow aspiration report
0
7
0.00
0.00
0.0
3.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3034037) Hematocrit [Volume Fraction] of Mixed venous blood
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
10.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3005880) Parainfluenza virus 3 Ag [Presence] in Specimen
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3033799) Differential panel - Peritoneal fluid
0
7
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(40761545) Erythrocytes.dysmorphic [Presence] in Urine sediment by Light microscopy
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3051252) Vasoactive intestinal peptide [Moles/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
2.0
—
11.3
—
0
5
(3013293) Extractable nuclear Ab [Presence] in Serum
0
7
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3010464) Parainfluenza virus 1 Ag [Presence] in Specimen
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3018993) Complement total hemolytic CH100 [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(1001833) Epstein Barr virus DNA [Units/volume] (viral load) in Blood by NAA with probe detection
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
6.6
—
—
—
0
0
(3009871) Measles virus Ab [Titer] in Serum
0
7
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.6
—
—
—
0
0
(40763634) TCRG gene rearrangements [Presence] in Bone marrow by Molecular genetics method
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3004269) Kappa light chains [Mass/time] in 24 hour Urine
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
(44806071)
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3013327) Hepatitis A virus IgM Ab [Presence] in Serum
6
59
1.02
0.00
1.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3036086) Jo-1 extractable nuclear Ab [Units/volume] in Serum by Immunoassay
8
82
0.98
0.00
1.1
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3000515) Antithrombin actual/normal in Platelet poor plasma by Chromogenic method
12
120
1.00
0.00
1.5
2.8
%
99.0
90.4
0.82
12
113
(3008536) Aspergillus sp Ab [Presence] in Serum
0
9
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3030905) Polymorphonuclear cells [#/volume] in Blood
6
59
1.02
0.00
5.3
3.0
e9/l
3.1
4.5
—
6
59
(3024172) Erythropoietin (EPO) [Units/volume] in Serum or Plasma
6
59
1.02
0.00
1.7
1.1
u/l
21.7
14.6
—
6
50
(3021578) Parainfluenza virus 2 Ag [Presence] in Specimen
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(42868499) Enterovirus IgG Ab [Presence] in Cerebral spinal fluid by Immunoassay
0
9
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3028009) Chlamydia trachomatis IgG Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3002067) Lambda light chains [Mass/time] in 24 hour Urine
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
2.2
—
—
—
0
0
(3009876) Amylase isoenzyme 3 panel - Serum or Plasma
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.2
—
—
—
0
0
(44817194) Complement alternate pathway AH50 actual/normal in Serum by Immunoassay
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
98.0
—
0
6
(3038071) Oxygen [Partial pressure] in Mixed venous blood
0
7
0.00
0.00
0.0
9.1
—
—
—
0
0
(3000504) BK virus DNA [Units/volume] (viral load) in Serum or Plasma by NAA with probe detection
0
6
0.00
0.00
0.0
4.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3027529) Toxoplasma gondii IgM Ab [Units/volume] in Serum
5
53
0.94
0.00
1.6
1.3
—
—
—
0
0
(3000855) Microscopic observation [Identifier] in Vaginal fluid by Gram stain
7
79
0.88
0.00
1.3
1.5
—
—
—
0
0
(3050794) Legionella sp Ab [Presence] in Serum
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.0
—
—
—
0
0
(3005011) Chlamydia sp Ab [Titer] in Serum
0
5
0.00
0.00
0.0
1.4
—
—
—
0
0
(3004446) Plasmodium sp identified in Blood by Light microscopy
0
7
0.00
0.00
0.0
2.9
—
—
—
0
0
(3006576) Bicarbonate [Moles/volume] in Blood
0
9
0.00
0.00
0.0
6.7
—
25.2
—
0
9

Mortality – FinRegistry

Association

Association between endpoint H8_EXT_CELLUL and mortality.

Females

Parameter HR [95% CI] p-value
H8_EXT_CELLUL 1.286 [0.98, 1.69] 0.072
Birth year 0.997 [0.99, 1.01] 0.431

During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 106 out of 1652 females with H8_EXT_CELLUL died.

Males

Parameter HR [95% CI] p-value
H8_EXT_CELLUL 1.705 [1.31, 2.22] < 0.001
Birth year 0.982 [0.97, 0.99] < 0.001

During the follow-up period (1.1.1998 — 31.12.2019), 161 out of 1500 males with H8_EXT_CELLUL died.

Mortality risk

Mortality risk for people of age

years, who have H8_EXT_CELLUL.

N-year risk Females Males
1 0.121% 0.288%
5 0.819% 1.834%
10 1.902% 4.388%
15 3.84% 7.828%
20 6.629% 12.988%

Relationships between endpoints

Index endpoint: H8_EXT_CELLUL – Cellulitis of external ear

GWS hits: 2

Endpoint
Case Overlap
Survival Analysis
Genetic Correlations
Genetic Signals
N (Jaccard index)
HR [CI]
Extremity
rg [CI]
Extremity
Hits
Coloc Hits
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinRegistry
FinnGen
FinnGen
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